Picture from Figure 8.51, Manufacturing Processes forEngineering Materials2nd Ed, Kalpakjian, p. 540.

This chart gives an idea of the vast number of different operations that can be performed using a lathe.

NOTE may want to use RDPL lathe tools as Visual Aids.
Turning tools.Notice the left handed and right handed. Describes the side from which we approach.Recall the discussions on tool geometry.A right handed tool is designed to approach from the right side-- its geometry is set up based on the assumption of a right handed approach.Don�t use it from the left hand side.Similarly for the left handed tool.

In general you have to know for what purposes a tool was designed.Many grooving tools are made solely for plunge cutting-- they are not designed to cut transverse to the workpiece.