Lasers create a high intensity, directed light beam that can travel in air or through fiber optic cables. Lasers can be used to generate waves and detect stretching or motion in a solid material without direct contact with the material. Thus lasers are useful in many important engineering applications that require remote non-destructive evaluation (NDE) and sensing such as laser ultrasonics, “smart” structures and vibration sensing. In this module the basic concepts of light, lasers, fiber optics and wave propagation are introduced. The basis of wave generation and sensing with lasers is given. Finally specific engineering applications that make use laser-based techniques are described.