1	Machines and Machining Issues
2	Surface Roughness
3	Roughness Units � 1 Micrometer = 1mm = 1 micron = 10^-6 meters � 1 Microinch = 1min= 10^-6 inches � 1min = 0.025 mm � 1mm = 40 min � Human hair ~ 40 mm
4	Scallop Height w/ Ball Nosed End Mill
5	Scallop Height- Ball Nose on an Incline
6	Machining DOF (Degrees of Freedom)
7	Turning Operations Turning (Performed on lathe) Part is moving and tool is stationary. Used to make parts of round cross section screws, shafts, pistons.... Number of various lathe operations turning, facing, boring, drilling, parting, threading Cutting Speeds Nominally 30 - 800 ft./min. Roughing cuts Depth of cut greater then .02 in Feed speed of .008 - .08 in/rev. Finishing Cuts Lower than roughing cuts.
8	Lathe Components Machine Component (Main items) Bed:� Supports all other machine parts Carriage: Slides along the machine ways Head stock: Power train of system (spindle included) Tail Stock: Fixes piece at end opposite to the head stock Swing: Maximum diameter of the machinable piece Lathe tools Left handed Right handed Threading Boring Groove Cut-Off (Parting)
9	Lathe
10	Lathe Operations
11	Milling Types of Milling Machines Horizontal Milling Machine Vertical Milling Machine (Bed & Knee)
12	Vertical Milling Machine Components
13	Vertical Milling Machine
14	Bed Mill � Similar to Dynamyte milling machines � No knee - Bed does not move up and down � Vertical motion possible in head only � Controllable range of motion of head larger than in knee mill (total range of motion less) � Bed mill stiffer than knee mill � Less versatile than knee mill
15	Horizontal Milling Machine
16	Types of Milling Operations
17	Grinding and Abrasive Processes
18	Grinding Machines
19	Surface Grinders
20	Cylindrical Grinders
21	Typical Arithmetic Average Roughness